Sources and Research

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Bissonette, J. A., and Kassar, C. A. (2008). Locations of deer–vehicle collisions are unrelated to traffic volume or posted speed limit. Human-Wildlife Conflicts, 2(1), 122-130.
Bissonette, J., Kassar, C. A., and Cook, L. J. (2008). Assessment of costs associated with deer–vehicle collisions: Human death and injury, vehicle damage, and deer loss. Human-Wildlife Conflicts, 2(1), 17-27.
Björnstig, U., Eriksson, A., Thorson, J., and Bylund, P.O. (1986). Collisions with passenger cars and moose, Sweden. American Journal of Public Health, 76(4), 460-462.
Bradford, L. (2003). Road mortality effects on the turtle population at St. Lawrence Islands National Park. Protected Areas and Watershed Management, 443-447.
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks (2000). Moose in British Columbia: Ecology, Conservation and Management.
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Christy, A. (2014). Wildlife crossings are win-win. The question is when-when?: Wildlife Crossings Save Human and Animal Lives. https://medium.com/@grantstories/wildlife-crossings-are-win-win-the-question-is-when-when-4a8165168da9. (Accessed November 22, 2014).
Clevenger, A. P., Chruszcz, B., and Gunson, K. E. (2001). Highway mitigation fencing reduces wildlife-vehicle collisions. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 29(2), 646-653.
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Conover, M. R., Pitt, W. C., Kessler, K. K., DuBow, T. J., and Sanborn, W. A. (1995). Review of human injuries, illnesses, and economic losses caused by wildlife in the United States. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 407-414.
Danks, Z. D., and Porter, W. F. (2010). Temporal, spatial, and landscape habitat characteristics of moose-vehicle collisions in Western Maine. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 74(6), 1229-1241.
Donaldson, B. M. (2007). A Toolkit of Measures for Reducing Animal-Vehicle Collisions. Virginia Transportation Research Council.
Dussault, C., Poulin, M., Courtois, R., & Ouellet, J.-P. (2006). Temporal and spatial distribution of moose-vehicle accidents in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, Quebec, Canada. Wildlife Biology, 12(4), 415-425.
du Toit, J. T. (2008). Standardizing the data on wildlife–vehicle collisions. Human-Wildlife Conflicts, 2(1), 5-8.
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Evink, G. L. (2002). Interaction between roadways and wildlife ecology: A synthesis of highway practice. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
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Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J.A., Clevenger, A. P., Cutshall, C. D. , Dale, V. H., Fahrig, L., France, R., Goldman, C. R., Heanue, K., Jones, J. A., Swanson, F. J., Turrentine, T. , and Winter, T. C. (2002). Road Ecology: Science and Solutions. Washington: Island Press.
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Gunson, K. E., Chruszcz, B., and Clevenger, A. P. (2003). Large animal-vehicle collisions in the Central Canadian Rocky Mountains: Patterns and characteristics. Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. Center for Transportation and the Environment, North Carolina State University.
Gunson, K. E., Mountrakis, G., and Quackenbush, L. J. (2011). Spatial wildlife-vehicle collision models: A review of current work and its application to transportation mitigation projects. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(4), 1074-1082.
Gunther, K. A., Biel, M. J., and Robison, H. L. (1998). Factors influencing the frequency of road-killed wildlife in Yellowstone National Park. In: International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation.
Hedlund, J. H., Curtis, P. D., Curtis, G., and Williams, A. F. (2003). Methods to reduce traffic crashes involving deer: What works and what does not. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).
Hedlund, James H., Curtis, Paul D., Curtis, Gwen, and Williams, Allan F. (2004). Methods to Reduce Traffic Crashes Involving Deer: What Works and What Does Not. Traffic Injury Prevention, 5(2), 122-131.
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Huijser, M. P., Holland, T. D., Blank, M., Greenwood, M. C., McGowen, P. T., Hubbard, B., and Wang, S. (2009). The Comparison of Animal Detection Systems in a Test-bed a Quantitative Comparison of System Reliability and Experiences with Operation and Maintenance: Final Report. Federal Highway Administration and Montana Department of Transportation.
Huijser, M. P., Kociolek, A., McGowen, P., Hardy, A., Clevenger, A. P., and Ament, R. (2007). Wildlife-Vehicle Collision and Crossing Mitigation Measures: A Toolbox for the Montana Department of Transportation. Montana Department of Transportation,
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Agent, K. R. (1994). Analysis of Motor Vehicle-Deer Accidents in Kentucky. Kentucky Transportation Cabinet.

Aresco, M. J. (2005). Mitigation measures to reduce highway mortality of turtles and other herpetofauna at a north Florida lake. Journal of Wildlife Management, 69(2), 549-560.

AvoiDeer. Mobile device application. www.avoideer.com. (Accessed September 2014).

Bertwistle, J. (1999). The effects of reduced speed zones on reducing bighorn sheep and elk collisions with vehicles on the Yellowhead Highway in Jasper National Park. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation, Missoula, MT.

biodivcanada. Draft 2020 Biodiversity Goals and Targets for Canada. (Accessed November 20, 2014. http://www.biodivcanada.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=00248250-1).

Bissonette, J. A., and Kassar, C. A. (2008). Locations of deer–vehicle collisions are unrelated to traffic volume or posted speed limit. Human-Wildlife Conflicts, 2(1), 122-130.

Bissonette, J., Kassar, C. A., and Cook, L. J. (2008). Assessment of costs associated with deer–vehicle collisions: Human death and injury, vehicle damage, and deer loss. Human-Wildlife Conflicts, 2(1), 17-27.

Björnstig, U., Eriksson, A., Thorson, J., and Bylund, P.O. (1986). Collisions with passenger cars and moose, Sweden. American Journal of Public Health, 76(4), 460-462.

Bradford, L. (2003). Road mortality effects on the turtle population at St. Lawrence Islands National Park. Protected Areas and Watershed Management, 443-447.

British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks (2000). Moose in British Columbia: Ecology, Conservation and Management.

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Christy, A. (2014). Wildlife crossings are win-win. The question is when-when?: Wildlife Crossings Save Human and Animal Lives. https://medium.com/@grantstories/wildlife-crossings-are-win-win-the-question-is-when-when-4a8165168da9. (Accessed November 22, 2014).

Clevenger, A. P., Chruszcz, B., and Gunson, K. E. (2001). Highway mitigation fencing reduces wildlife-vehicle collisions. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 29(2), 646-653.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). COSEWIC assessment process, categories and guidelines. (Accessed November 20, 2014. http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct0/assessment_process_e.cfm#tbl2).

Conover, M. R., Pitt, W. C., Kessler, K. K., DuBow, T. J., and Sanborn, W. A. (1995). Review of human injuries, illnesses, and economic losses caused by wildlife in the United States. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 407-414.

Danks, Z. D., and Porter, W. F. (2010). Temporal, spatial, and landscape habitat characteristics of moose-vehicle collisions in Western Maine. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 74(6), 1229-1241.

Donaldson, B. M. (2007). A Toolkit of Measures for Reducing Animal-Vehicle Collisions. Virginia Transportation Research Council.

Dussault, C., Poulin, M., Courtois, R., & Ouellet, J.-P. (2006). Temporal and spatial distribution of moose-vehicle accidents in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, Quebec, Canada. Wildlife Biology, 12(4), 415-425.

du Toit, J. T. (2008). Standardizing the data on wildlife–vehicle collisions. Human-Wildlife Conflicts, 2(1), 5-8.

Elzohairy, Y. M., Janusz, C., and Tasca, L. (2004). Characteristics of motor vehicle–wild animal collisions: an Ontario case study (unpublished report). Ministry of Transportation, Ontario (MTO).

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Evink, G. L. (2002). Interaction between roadways and wildlife ecology: A synthesis of highway practice. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Leatherback Turtle. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/publications/uww-msm/articles/turtle-tortue-eng.htm

Forman, R. T. T., Sperling, D., Bissonette, J.A., Clevenger, A. P., Cutshall, C. D. , Dale, V. H., Fahrig, L., France, R., Goldman, C. R., Heanue, K., Jones, J. A., Swanson, F. J., Turrentine, T. , and Winter, T. C. (2002). Road Ecology: Science and Solutions. Washington: Island Press.

Geist, V. (2012). Deer. The Canadian Encyclopedia. (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/deer/)

Gommerman, Luke, & Monroe, Martha C. (2012). Lessons learned from evaluations of citizen science programs. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.

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Grosman, P.D., Jaeger, J.A.G., Biron, P.M., Dussault, C., and Ouellet, J.P. (2011). Trade-off between road avoidance and attraction by roadside salt pools in moose: An agent-based model to assess measures for reducing moose-vehicle collisions. Ecological Modelling, 222(8), 1423-1435.

Gunson, K. E., Chruszcz, B., and Clevenger, A. P. (2003). Large animal-vehicle collisions in the Central Canadian Rocky Mountains: Patterns and characteristics. Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. Center for Transportation and the Environment, North Carolina State University.

Gunson, K. E., Mountrakis, G., and Quackenbush, L. J. (2011). Spatial wildlife-vehicle collision models: A review of current work and its application to transportation mitigation projects. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(4), 1074-1082.

Gunther, K. A., Biel, M. J., and Robison, H. L. (1998). Factors influencing the frequency of road-killed wildlife in Yellowstone National Park. In: International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation.

Hedlund, J. H., Curtis, P. D., Curtis, G., and Williams, A. F. (2003). Methods to reduce traffic crashes involving deer: What works and what does not. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).

Hedlund, James H., Curtis, Paul D., Curtis, Gwen, and Williams, Allan F. (2004). Methods to Reduce Traffic Crashes Involving Deer: What Works and What Does Not. Traffic Injury Prevention, 5(2), 122-131.

Hinterland Who’s Who. Moose. Environment Canada: Canadian Wildlife Federation/Fédération Canadienne de la Faune. (http://www.hww.ca/en/wildlife/mammals/moose.html).

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Huijser, M. P., Duffield, J. W., Clevenger, A. P., Ament, R. J., and McGowen, P. T. (2009). Cost–benefit analyses of mitigation measures aimed at reducing collisions with large ungulates in the United States and Canada: A decision support tool. Ecology and Society, 14(2), n.p.

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NEW: Canadian wildlife-vehicle collisions: An examination of knowledge and behavior for collision prevention (2019) Journal of Safety Research

Research

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